Mpox, previously known as monkeypox, is a viral disease that has re-emerged as a significant public health concern in Nigeria and other parts of the world. The disease is caused by the monkeypox virus, belonging to the Orthopoxvirus genus, which also includes smallpox and cowpox viruses. While mpox had been primarily confined to Central and West Africa, recent outbreaks have highlighted its global impact, especially in Nigeria, where cases continue to rise.
The resurgence of mpox in Nigeria began in 2017, marking a troubling return of the disease that had previously been sporadic. Since then, mpox has spread across the country, affecting individuals from various regions and social backgrounds. The situation is further complicated by the emergence of different viral strains, notably clade I and clade II, which have been responsible for outbreaks across Africa. In recent years, clade IIb has caused a global outbreak, while clades Ia and Ib have led to increasing cases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and other African nations.
Mpox is characterized by symptoms such as a painful skin rash, fever, headache, muscle aches, back pain, and swollen lymph nodes. The rash, which often begins on the face before spreading to other parts of the body, can last for two to four weeks. In severe cases, mpox can lead to complications, including bacterial infections, pneumonia, and encephalitis, particularly in children, pregnant women, and individuals with weakened immune systems.
Transmission of mpox occurs primarily through close contact with infected individuals, contaminated materials, or infected animals. In Nigeria, where cultural practices such as hunting and preparing wild animals are common, the risk of animal-to-human transmission remains high. The virus can also be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy or childbirth, posing significant risks to both the mother and the newborn.
Despite the availability of vaccines, prevention in Nigeria relies heavily on public health interventions. These include promoting hygiene practices, raising awareness about the risks of close contact with infected individuals or animals, and encouraging vaccination, especially among high-risk groups such as healthcare workers and people with multiple sexual partners. Nigeria’s health system faces the challenge of not only managing current cases but also preventing future outbreaks. Public education, rapid diagnosis, and timely treatment are critical in controlling the spread of mpox. The Rosana Empowerment Foundation (REF) remains committed to supporting these efforts, advocating for better healthcare access, and providing resources to educate communities on prevention strategies. By fostering awareness and enhancing public health initiatives, Nigeria can mitigate the impact of mpox and safeguard the well-being of its citizens.
